Each year, prior to the G20 Summit of the heads of state of the member nations, the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) at Clarivate releases its annual G20 scorecard. This condenses and compares the research and innovation capabilities of the G20 economies* which are renowned for their significant investments in education, research and technology. It serves as an indispensable resource for professionals across academia, government and industry – individuals who need to understand shifting global research trends to inform strategic planning, investment and decision-making.

This year for the first time, the G20 scorecard’s extensive dataset is presented in dynamic, interactive charts, with filters to make quick comparisons and deep-dive analyses easier than ever. We’ve also published a downloadable executive summary that distils the key findings for 2023 to reveal the stories behind the data.

Breaking down the data

The G20 scorecard arranges the data into five key categories, with a dropdown filter to allow you to explore in depth:

• Figure 1: Context  – An overview of the people, financial, intellectual property and bibliometric data for all G20 members (e.g. population, GDP, female researchers, patents, academic papers, etc.), highlighting their diversity and giving context for the other data in the scorecard.

• Figure 2: Impact – The citation impact (measured by Category Normalized Citation Impact, or CNCI) of the papers published by each country/region, presented in both an Impact Profile and the trend for 2013-2022.

• Figure 3: Output – Trends in international output and open access output for 2013-2022 for each G20 member nation.

• Figure 4: Disciplines – Charts the output and impact of each G20 member by discipline together with the trends for 2013-2022.

• Figure 5: SDGs – Displays the impact and output of each G20 member linked to each United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), normalized and benchmarked against the world or G20 average.

Discovering the stories behind the numbers

One of the most interesting aspects of the G20 scorecard is its ability to reveal the unique stories hidden within the data. Let’s take a glimpse into some of the significant findings from the 2023 edition:

• Mainland China’s innovation leap: With a remarkable patent creation record in 2021, Mainland China is catapulting itself into a position of global innovation leadership.
• United States’ research impact conundrum: Despite being a research giant, the U.S. has witnessed declines in CNCI and Collaborative CNCI over the past decade. This trend beckons a closer exploration into the dynamics of research impact and collaboration.
• Argentina’s collaborative influence in medicine: Argentina’s medical research achievements, buoyed by international collaboration, surpass the global average by a remarkable 1.5 times — a testament to the power of global partnership in driving impactful research.
• Brazil’s embrace of OA humanities: Brazil’s emphasis on open access publication in humanities research sets it apart, sparking discussions about knowledge accessibility and the dissemination of research findings.
• Saudi Arabia’s unique research dynamics: With the highest average CNCI among G20 nations, Saudi Arabia’s research contributions shine, although collaborative CNCI experiences a slight dip, underscoring its individual research prowess.
• India’s research trajectory: Despite outpacing Mainland China in population, India’s research output and GDP fall significantly short, sparking questions about resource allocation and potential future trends.
• Canada’s multifaceted research output: Canada’s above-average research output, but below-average OA output, across diverse categories invites conversations about collaboration patterns and access to research findings.
• United Kingdom’s shift in dissemination strategy: With over half of its output published in open access journals, the U.K. signifies a shift in research dissemination and partnership strategies.
• Russia’s research challenges: Low CNCI and Collaborative CNCI scores hint at Russia’s hurdles in research impact and international collaboration.
• Japan’s gender imbalance and research productivity: Japan’s gender imbalance in research and low research productivity raise important questions about structural issues within its research ecosystem.

A vision for informed collaboration and analysis

The dynamic G20 scorecard is poised to become an invaluable tool for planning, investment and collaboration, offering guidance for strategic decision-making across academia, industry and government. The in-depth analyses and dynamic data reveal a panoramic view of the global research landscape, enabling stakeholders to make informed choices and collaborate effectively for the betterment of society.

At Clarivate, we are committed to bringing clarity to the complex. The dynamic format of the G20 scorecard reflects this commitment, providing governments, funders and research institutions with an interactive benchmark for regional research economies. It empowers them to make critical research planning and strategic investment decisions.

Explore the G20 scorecard to understand its data and insights here: https://clarivate.com/the-institute-for-scientific-information/2023-g20-scorecard

You might also like to read our other ISI reports, or contact our team if you’d like to find out more about how we can help evaluate research at your organization.

*Note: The G20 member nations include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The 20th member, the EU, is not part of the scorecard analysis.

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data and InCites metrics provided by Clarivate

University rankings may be controversial, but they have unquestionably become a standard and familiar feature of the annual higher education calendar. Originally intended as a general and accessible source of information, particularly for those outside the groves of academe, they are one perspective on an institution’s standing compared to its peers.

In this form they have grown to be a frequent reference point for institutional comparisons made by students, faculty, researchers, research offices, national governments and funding bodies. And, despite their necessarily selective field of view, they are increasingly employed as a source of management information and help guide evaluation and planning decisions.

The critical feature of any ranking system is that it should draw on the best available and most accurate information in its analysis. We are therefore pleased to see this year’s release of the U.S. News Best Global Universities Rankings, powered by Clarivate data. The list encompasses 1,750 top institutions and is spread across more than 90 countries.

To create the ranking, U.S. News looked to both reputation and bibliometric indicators. Web of Science data and InCites indicators weigh factors that measure a university’s global and regional research reputation and academic research performance.

For the overall rankings, this includes bibliometric indicators such as publications, citations and international collaboration, and reputation indicators gathered from the results of our annual Academic Reputation Survey.

Reputation indicators

Results from our annual academic reputation survey for the most recent five years (2017-2021) were used to create the reputation indicators used in the analysis.

Each year, Clarivate polls academics around the world to ask which universities and research institutions they consider to be the strongest in their discipline. The survey creates a comprehensive snapshot of academics’ opinions about world universities and asks respondents to give their views of programs in the disciplines with which they were familiar. This allows them to rate universities at the field and department level, rather than at the institution level, creating a more specific and accurate measurement of a university’s reputation.

Survey participation is by invitation only to prevent manipulation of the results and participants are carefully selected by geographical location and discipline for statistically relevant sampling. The survey is offered in seven languages to overcome language bias.

In previous surveys, participants were from approximately 150 countries with around 90 percent academic faculty or researchers.

Bibliometric indicators

These indicators draw on data from the Web of Science for the five-year period from 2015 to 2019. The Web of Science is a web-based research platform that covers more than 21,000 of the most influential and authoritative scholarly journals worldwide in the sciences, social sciences, and arts and humanities.

Publication data is used to measure the overall research productivity of a university, based on the total number of scholarly papers – articles and reviews – that contain affiliations to a university and are published in high-quality, impactful journals.

The total number of citations per paper represents the overall impact of the university’s research and is independent of the university’s size or age. The value is normalized to overcome differences in research area, the paper’s publication year and document type.

A normalized citation index is considered one of the core measures of research performance and is used by various research evaluation bodies globally.

We recommend the inclusion of ranking indictors as a part of proper and responsible data analysis with multiple, complimentary dimensions.

“By placing data in a wider context, we see new features, understand more and improve our ability to interpret research activity.”

Our recent paper, An introduction to global university rankings, examines the rise in significance of global university rankings, the history of these rankings, and provides context to better understand some of the major ranking systems.

Download report

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